SAMPA Chart

See a concise version of SAMPA for English sounds. Note that you will need a font that supports the Unicode IPA Extensions to see the IPA characters.

SAMPA: simplified chart of consonants (the paired signs are voiceless/voiced consonants)
	Bilabial	[[Labiodental consonant| Labiodentals]]	Dentals	[[Alveolar consonant| Alveolars]]	[[Postalveolar consonant| Postalveolars]]	Palatals	Velars	Uvulars	Pharyngeals	Glottals
Stops or affricates	p b			t d	tS dZ	c J\\	k g	q G\\		?
Fricatives	p\\ B	f v	T D	s z	S Z	C j\\	x G	X R\\	X\\ ?\\	h h\\
Nasals	m	F		n		J	N
Laterals				l		L	5
Rhotics (flaps or trills)				4 r r\\`				R
Semivowels	w H					j

'Note': It is (specially in Spanish and Italian) common use to represent the alveolar trill with [rr] and the alveolar flap with [r]. In Spanish, too, [jj] is used to represent the palatal fricative against the semivowel [j]. It has been proposed to use [4] for the alveolar flap, in which case [r] can be used to represent the trill (as its equivalent in the IPA system), and [j\\] for the palatal fricative, keeping in this way the policy of using one letter per one IPA symbol (The backslash is used to generate alternative symbols).

Consonant modifiers:

• [ ` ] after a consonant indicates retroflex.
• [ _a ] apical (IPA subscript inverted bridge): [s_a] apical 's'
• [ _d ] dental (IPA subscript bridge)
• [ _G ] velarized diacritic (IPA superscipt gamma)
• [ _h ] aspirated diacritic (IPA superscript h)
• [ _j, ' ] palatalized. (IPA superscript j)
• [ _m ] laminal (IPA subscript box)
• [ _w ] labialized diacritic (IPA superscript w)
• [ _< ] implosive (voiced stops) (IPA hooktop)
• [ _> ] ejective (voiceless stops)
• [ _=, =] syllabic, as in US bird [b=r\\`d] (also written [b3`d]), bottle ["bOt=l], button ["bVt=n]

SAMPA: simplified list of consonants
SAMPA	IPA	Description	Examples
p	p	voiceless bilabial stop	English pen
b	b	voiced bilabial stop	English but
t	t	voiceless alveolar stop	English two
d	d	voiced alveolar stop	English do
tS	ʧ	voiceless postalveolar affricate	English chair, picture, Spanish mucho, Italian cena, German Deutsche
dZ	ʤ	voiced postalveolar affricate	English gin, joy, Italian giorno
c	c	voiceless palatal stop	Greek [ce] 'and', Hungarian tyúk 'hen', like British tune
J\\	j (overstroked j)	voiced palatal stop	Hungarian egy 'one', like British dune
k	k	voiceless velar stop	English cat, kill, queen
g	g	voiced velar stop	English go, get
q	q	voiceless uvular stop	Arabic qof
p\\	φ (Greek phi)	voiceless bilabial fricative	Japanese fu
B	β (Greek beta)	voiced bilabial fricative	Spanish cabo, calvo (*)
f	f	voiceless labiodental fricative	English fool, enough, Spanish and Italian falso
v	v	voiced labiodental fricative	English voice, German Welt, Italian vedere
T	θ (Greek theta)	voiceless dental fricative	English thing, Castilian Spanish caza
D	ð (Icelandic eth), or δ (Greek delta)	voiced dental fricative	English this, Spanish cada (*)
s	s	voiceless alveolar fricative	English see, pass, city, Spanish sí, German Gross, Italian suono
z	z	voiced alveolar fricative	English zoo, roses, German See, Spanish riesgo, Italian casa
S	ʃ	voiceless postalveolar fricative	English she, sure, emotion, French chemin, Italian scendo, German Sprache
Z	ʒ	voiced postalveolar fricative	French jour, English pleasure, Argentinian Spanish lluvia, Ecuadorian Spanish arriba
C	ç (cedilla)	voiceless palatal fricative	Standard German Ich, Greek [Ceri] 'hand', some English pronunciations of human
j\\ (jj)	ʝ (j with crossed tail)	voiced palatal fricative	Spanish yate, ayuda
x	x	voiceless velar fricative	Scots loch, Castilian Spanish ajo, German Buch
G	γ (Greek gamma)	voiced velar fricative	Spanish algo, agua (*)
X\\	ħ (overstroked h)	voiceless pharyngeal fricative	Arabic h.â
?\\	ʕ (Inverted ?)	voiced pharyngeal fricative	Arabic 'ayn
h	h	voiceless glottal fricative	English ham, German Hand, Colombian Spanish jamón
h\\	ɦ (h with upper tail to the right)	voiced glottal fricative	Hungarian lehet, Some English pronunciations of aha
m	m	bilabial nasal	English man, Spanish hambre, Italian fame
F	ɱ (m with downward right tail)	labiodental nasal	Spanish infierno, enfermo, Hungarian kámfor, honvágy
n	n	alveolar nasal	English, Spanish and Italian no
J	ɲ (n with downward left tail)	palatal nasal	US English canyon, Spanish año, French oignion, Italian gnocchi, Hungarian anyu
N	ŋ (n with downward right tail)	velar nasal	English singer, ring, Spanish blanco, manguera, Italian bianco, pongo, German lange Tagalog ngayón, ngongò
l	l	alveolar lateral	English left, Spanish largo, Italian lungo
L	ʎ turned down y, alt. λ (Greek lambda)	palatal lateral	Italian aglio, famiglia, Catalan colla, Castilian Spanish cuello
5	ɫ (l with middle tilde)	velarized dental lateral	English milk (dark l), Catalan alga
4 (r)	ɾ (r without upper-left serif)	alveolar flap	US English better, Spanish pero, Italian essere
r (rr)	ɽ (r with serif)	alveolar trill	Spanish perro, rey, Italian arrivare, terra
r\\`	ɻ (r rotate 180° with hook	retroflexed alveolar approximant	English run, very
R	ʀ (small capital R)	uvular trill	French rue, standard German Reich, Farb
w	w	rounded back semivowel	English we, Frech oui, Spanish hueso, Italian acqua, suono
H	ɥ (turned down h)	rounded front semivowel	French huit
j	j	unrounded front semivowel	English yes, Frech yeux, German ja, Italian occhio, piove, Spanish pierna

(* The sounds of the spanish g in agua, b in cabo and d in cada are not represented by the symbols γ, β, δ, despite what the creators of the SAMPA may think. Those sounds are not even fricatives; see [1] - Spanish only)

SAMPA: simplified chart of vowels (the paired signs are unrounded/rounded vowels)
	Front	Central	Back
Closed or high	i I y Y	1 }	M   u U
Half closed	e 2	@\\ 8 @	7 o
Half open	E 9	3 3\\ 6	V O
Open or low	{	a &	A Q

Vowel modifiers:

• [ ~, _~ ] after a vowel indicates that it is nasalised (e.g. French bon [bO~] ).
• [ : ] after a vowel indicates that it is lengthened (e.g. Japanese shōshō [So:So:], English see [si:] ).
• [ ` ] after a vowel indicates rhoticity (e.g. US English bird [b3`d] ).
• [ _^ ] non syllabic vowel (IPA subscript arch)

Stress is indicated by ["] for primary stress, and [%] for secondary stress, placed before the stressed syllable.[1]