Rosa Luxemburg

Rosa Luxemburg (March 5, 1870 - January 15, 1919) was a politician, socialist theoretician and revolutionary.

Rosa Luxemburg was born in Lublin, now Poland. After fleeing to Switzerland from imminent detention, she attended Zurich University along with other socialist figures such as Anatoli Lunacharsky and Leo Jogiches. Against the nationalism of the "Polish Socialist Party" (PPS) she created in 1893 together with Leo Jogiches and Julian Marchlewski the magazine "Sprawa Robotnicza" (The Worker's Cause). She believed that independence for Poland would only be possible by a revolution in Germany, Austria, and Russia, and that the fight against capitalism was more important than independence. She denied the right of self-determination for nations, in disagreement with Lenin.

Together with Karl Liebknecht in 1915 she created the group which later became the Spartacist League.

On June 28 1916 she, along with Karl Liebknecht, was sentenced to two years imprisonment. During this time she wrote several articles, including The Russian Revolution, which refers to the danger of a dictatorship of the Bolsheviks in Russia.

In 1918 she participated in the Spartacist uprising, and the formation of the Communist Party of Germany. In the wake of the January Uprising she was abducted and later murdered along with Liebknecht on January 15 1919 by soldiers of the so-called Freikorps (Free Corps).

The grave of Rosa Luxemburg on the Zentralfriedhof Friedrichsfelde in Berlin