Proto-World Language
People have wondered for centuries if we can establish a Proto-World language from which all human languages descend. A famous example stating this has been the Biblical story about the Tower of Babel.
History
The American linguist Joseph H. Greenberg claimed that long-distance relationships can be shown by applying an approach he called mass comparison. The languages are compared by using a limited set of words (including function words and affixes) simply by means of counting cognates. He used this method to establish a classification of African Languages. His work has generated considerable interest outside the linguistic community. It is still much debated.
Traditional historical linguistics state that so far it has been impossible to show that all the world's languages are genetically related. Critics say that from the purely statistical point of view, among any two unrelated languages, there would be more than 40% of words sharing a roughly similar sound and meaning. Therefore, the concept of comparing languages basing only on general comparisons between their vocabularies is considered flawed.
See also: Nostratic language, false cognate.
