Malay language
The Malay language also known locally as "Bahasa Melayu" is the mother tongue of the Malay people who are native to the Malay peninsula, southern Thailand, Singapore and parts of Sumatra. It is the official language of Malaysia, and Brunei, and one of the four official languages of Singapore. It is also used as a working language in East Timor.
The official standard for Malay, as agreed upon by Indonesia, Malaysia and Brunei, is Bahasa Riau, the language of the Riau Archipelago, long considered the birthplace of the Malay language.
In Malaysia, it is known as Bahasa Malaysia or Malaysian language, even though it is, in fact, Malay. Similarly, Indonesia adopted a form of Malay as its official language upon independence, naming it Bahasa Indonesia. In Singapore and Brunei it is known simply as Malay or Bahasa Melayu. The reason for adopting these terms is political rather than a reflection of linguistic distinctiveness, as Bahasa Malaysia and Bahasa Indonesia are in fact versions of the same language.
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2 Extent of use 3 Loan Words 4 Some simple phrases in Malay |
The differences between the two are comparable to the differences between British English and American English. Both are mutually intelligible, but with differences in spelling and vocabulary. Bahasa Indonesia differs from Bahasa Malaysia in having words of Javanese and Dutch origin. For example, the word for 'post office' in Bahasa Malaysia is "pejabat pos", whereas in Bahasa Indonesia it is "kantor pos", from the Dutch word for office, kantoor. The sound 'u' (as in 'moon') is represented in Bahasa Indonesia as 'oe', as in Dutch, hence the spelling of the name of first the President, Sukarno as Soekarno. Similarly, the sound 'ch' is represented in Bahasa Malaysia as 'c', whereas in Indonesian, it has until recently followed Dutch, and used 'tj', although this is less common. Hence the word for 'brand' or 'stamp' is written as cap in Bahasa Malaysia and tjap in Bahasa Indonesia.
Differences between Bahasa Malaysia and Bahasa Indonesia
| ENGLISH | BAHASA MALAYSIA | BAHASA INDONESIA |
| March | Mac - from English | Maret - from Dutch Maart |
| August | Ogos | Augustus - from Dutch |
| speak | bercekap | berbicara |
| shop | kedai | toko |
| ticket | tiket | karcis - from Dutch kaartje |
| pharmacy | farmasi | apotik - from Dutch apotheek |
| Monday | Isnin | Senin |
| restaurant | restoran | rumah makan - literally ''eating house |
| television | televisyen | televisi- from Dutch televisie |
| university | universiti | universitas - from Dutch universiteit |
| car | kereta | mobil |
The extent to which Bahasa is used in these countries varies depending on historical and cultural circumstances. Bahasa Malaysia became the sole official language in 1968, but English is still widely used, especially by the minority Chinese and Indian communities, and because of its importance as the language of international business, and the situation in Brunei is similar.
By contrast, Bahasa Indonesia has successfully become the lingua franca for its disparate islands and ethnic groups, and because the colonial language, Dutch, is no longer spoken. (In East Timor, which was a province of Indonesia between 1976 and 1999, it is widely spoken, and recognised under its Constitution as a 'working language'.)
In Singapore, Malay was historically the lingua franca among people of different races, but this has given way to English, but it retains the status of national language, and the national anthem, Majulah Singapura is entirely in Malay. In southern provinces of Thailand, Malay is spoken but has no official status or recognition.
The Malay language has many words borrowed from Arabic, Sanskrit, Portuguese and more recently, English:
Extent of use
Loan Words
Loan words from Malay in English include 'sarong' 'orangutang' (from orang utan or 'wild man'), and amok (wild), as in 'to run amok'. The term 'bint' for a young woman, from binte (daughter of) was used by British soldiers in colonial Malaya, but is now obsolete. Malay has also heavily influenced the forms of colloquial English spoken in Singapore, (Singlish) and Malaysia (Manglish).
Some simple phrases in Malay
Not to be confused with the Malayalam language, spoken in India.
