Gyeongsang - from the first characters in the city names Gyeongju and Sangju.
Hamgyŏng - from the first characters in the city names Hamju and Kyŏngsŏng (?).
Hwanghae - from the first characters in the city names Hwangju and Haeju.
Jeolla - from the first characters in the city names Jeonju and Naju (The changes from "n" to "l" are due to phonetic characteristics of the Korean language).
P'yŏngan - from the first characters in the city names P'yŏngyang and Anju.
Gyeonggi - the Chinese characters for the name mean "area around the capital," i.e., around Seoul, South Korea, where the province is located.
Ardeal - "wooden hill" - arde is an Indo-European particle meaning forest, the same as in English Forest of Arden and Belgian Ardennes Woods; Deal means hill in Romanian.
England - from Engla-lond, the land settled in the early 6th century by various peoples from Low Germany, among them the Angles (Latin Anglii) who originally inhabited the fish-hook shaped territory known as Angeln situated in present-day Schleswig. See Anglo-Saxons.
Gibraltar - from Arabic"djebl al-Tarik" -> "Tarik's rock" because this is where the Arabic general Tarik started his conquest of the Iberian peninsula in 711.
Northern Ireland - from Old Irish Eriu. Precise meaning uncertain, though could be the name of a prehistoric fertility goddess.
Scotland Literally 'Land of the Scots'. The Scottish people were originally 5th Century settlers from Ireland although the name didn't come about until after the 9th Century. Alba, the Gaelic name for Scotland means 'highlands' from the Latinalbus or 'white' (describing the mountains). Caledonia, the Latin name means forested highlands
Wales - "land of the foreigners", from the Germanic 'welsche' the term used by Anglo-Saxon invaders of the British Isles for the native Celts they encountered. The Welsh native toponym "Cymru" means "fellow countrymen". Several areas in Europe were named by the ancient Germans in the same way, the term used only for places inhabited by peoples of Celtic or Latin descent, including "Wallonia" in Belgium, "Valais" (in Switzerland), and the archaic "Welschenland" a term for Italy.
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