Galicia
Galicia refers to both an Autonomous Region of Spain, covered here, and a former region of Eastern Europe.
| Capital | Santiago de Compostela |
| Official languages | Galician and Castilian |
| Area
- total - % of Spain |
Ranked 7th
29 574 km² 5,8% |
| Population
- Total (2003) - % of Spain - Density |
Ranked 5th
2 737 370 6,5% 92,36/km² |
| Demonym
- English - Galician - Spanish |
Galician galego gallego |
| Statute of Autonomy | April 28, 1981 |
| ISO 3166-2 | GA |
|
Parliamentary representation Congress seats Senate seats |
25 3 |
| President | Manuel Fraga Iribarne (PPG) |
| Xunta de Galicia | |
Galicia (Galego: Galicia or Galiza, Spanish: Galicia) is an autonomous community in the northwest of Spain (pop. approx. 2.8 million).
Historically, Galicia is heir to the Roman Gallaecia which included parts of what is today western Castile and northern Portugal. The official languages of the Autonomous Community are Galician, or galego (in Spanish gallego)and Castillian. Spanish or Castillian is often spoken as a first language by the urban young, while Galego is often the first language among the rural older population. Both languages have official status and are taught in schools. While not all the population speaks Galego (in A Coruña only 72%), most understand it (in Ourense 95%). According to the IGE census of 1991 less than 40% of Galicians could write their language. Galician is often considered a dialect of Portuguese. Castillian influence, however, has made Gallego something of an intermediary language between Portuguese and Castillian.
Main cities include Vigo, A Coruña, Pontevedra, Lugo, Ferrol, Ourense, and Santiago de Compostela, the capital. Galicia is divided in four provinces: A Coruña, Ourense, Pontevedra, and Lugo.
Geographically, the most important feature of Galicia is the presence of many fiordlike indentations on the western and northern coast. These are called rias and are divided into the Rias Altas and the Rias Baixas. Most of the population lives near the Rias Baixas, where several large urban centers such as Vigo, Pontevedra, and A Coruña are located. The rias are important for fishing, especially shellfish, and make the coast of Galicia one of the most important fishing areas of the world. The spectacular landscape of the coast and the many beaches also attract great numbers of tourists.
Inland the region is less populated and suffers from migration to the coast and the major cities of Spain. The towns are few and far between (Ourense, Lugo, Verín, Monforte de Lemos, A Rua) and there are many small villages. The terrain is made up of several low mountain ranges crossed by many small rivers that are not navegable but have provided hydroelectric power from the many dams. In fact, Galicia has so many small rivers that it has been called the "land of the thousand rivers." The most important of the rivers are the Miño and the Sil, which has a spectacular canyon. The mountains in Galicia are not high but have served to isolate the rural population and discourage development in the interior. There is a ski resort in Manzaneda in Ourense Province. The highest mountain is Trevinca (2000 mts.)near the eastern border with León.
Galicia is a land of economic contrast. While the western coast, with its major population centers, and its fishing and manufacturing industries is prosperous and increasing in population, the rural hinterland--the provinces of Ourense and Lugo--suffer from the defects of an aging, unskilled population, poor soils, and tiny inviable landholdings called minifundios.
Galicia's inhabitants are called galegos (Spanish "gallegos"). Galician immigration was so great to South American, especially Brazil and Argentina, that even today in Brazil anyone who is blond and light-skinned is called a "galego". In the Spanish-speaking countries of Latin America, Spaniards are sometimes called gallegos, and jokes are made about them.
The Celtic heritage of Galicia is often celebrated, and it is sometimes claimed that their last Celtic speaker died in the 15th century. Infact, the name Galicia (Galiza) comes from the name of the ancient Celtic tribe that resided there, the Gallaeci.
