Eye
This article refers to the sight organ. For other usages of the word "eye", see Eye (disambiguation).
An eye is an organ which has evolved or may evolve (in the case of moles) for the purposes of detecting light - see blindness. The simplest eyes do nothing but detect whether the surroundings are light or dark. More complex eyes are used to provide the sense of vision.
Compound eyes are found among the arthropods (insects and kin), and are composed of many simple facets which give a pixelated image (not multiple images as is often believed).
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Diagram of a human eye. Note that not all eyes have the same anatomy as a human eye. |
Light from a distant object and light from a near object being brought to a focus |
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In most vertebrates and some mollusks the eye works by projecting images onto a light-sensitive retina, where the light is detected and transmitted to the brain via the optic nerve. The eye is typically roughly spherical, filled with a transparent gel-like substance called the vitreous humour, with a focusing lens and often a muscle called the iris that controls how much light enters.
Focusing
In order for light rays to be brought to a focus they must be refracted. The amount of refraction required depends on the distance of the object which is being viewed. A distant object will require less bending of light than a nearer one. Most of the refraction occurs at the cornea which has a fixed curvature. The remainder of the required refraction occurs at the lens. The lens can be pulled flatter or rounder by muscles, which adjust the power of the lens.
Parts of the eye
See also:
