Cigarette
A cigarette is a disposable smoke delivery device consisting of a small (generally less than 10cm in length and 10mm in diameter) cylinder of cured and shredded tobacco leaves (or in some cases other herbs), wrapped in paper, which is ignited and let smolder for the purpose of inhaling its smoke. A cigarette is distinguished from a cigar by its small size and paper wrapping (cigars are composed entirely of tobacco); a small, cigarette-sized cigar is called a "cigarillo".Some cigarette smokers "roll" their own cigarettes by wrapping loose cured tobacco in paper; most, however, purchase machine-made commercially available brands, generally sold in small cardboard packages of 20 cigarettes. Commercial cigarettes usually contain a cellulose acetate or cotton filter through which the smoker inhales the cigarette's smoke; the filter serves to cool and somewhat clean the smoke.
Before the Second World War many manufacturers gave away collectible cards, one in each packet of cigarettes. This practice was discontinued to save paper during the war, and was never generally reintroduced. On April 1, 1970 President Richard Nixon signed the Public Health Cigarette Smoking Act into law banning cigarette television advertisements in the United States starting on January 1, 1971.
| Table of contents |
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2 Consumption 3 Health Effects 4 Cigarette manufacturers 5 Brands |
Cigarette smoking is one of the principal causes of lung cancer, a major cause of death amongst smokers. The tobacco industry tried for many years to deny this link, and to oppose medical research that attempted to prove the link.
Cigarettes and cancer
Consumption
Approximately 5.5 trillion cigarettes are produced globally each year by the tobacco industry, smoked by over 1.1 billion people.
| Smoking Prevalence by Gender | ||
|---|---|---|
| PERCENT SMOKING | ||
| REGION | MEN | WOMEN |
| African | 29 | 4 |
| American | 35 | 22 |
| Eastern Mediterranean | 35 | 4 |
| European | 46 | 26 |
| South-East Asia | 44 | 4 |
| Western Pacific | 60 | 8 |
| (2000, World Health Organization estimates) | ||
The front and back of a UK cigarette packet (in 2003)
Health Effects
Tobacco use, notably in cigarettes, is one of the leading forms of preventable death. Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage and underweight infants. Smoking increases the chance of heart attacks and a variety of cancers.
Smoking increases the metabolic rate, and thus can slightly reduce a smoker's weight.
Nicotine is quite an effective appetite suppressant, and former smokers often develop junk food habits as they attempt to satisfy their tobacco cravings with snacks. Smoking cessation is usually associated with a moderate weight gain; if this is considered a problem, one should pay close attention to one's diet (e.g. snack on carrot sticks rather than twinkies.)
Cigarette manufacturers
(incomplete)
http://www.tobacco.org
Brands
(links often show other meanings of the name, in many cases including that what the brand is named after)
